611.   […] The Appeals Chamber considers that whilst the Trial Chamber’s findings on sexual assaults can reasonably underpin a conviction of genocide, they cannot form the basis of a conviction for rape as crime against humanity. The Appeals Chamber recalls that acts of sexual violence are a broader category than rape.[1] […] Accordingly, the Appeals Chamber finds that the Trial Chamber erred in relying on its findings of sexual assaults committed throughout Rwanda to convict Karemera and Ngirumpatse of rape as a crime against humanity.[2] […]