231. It is well-established that a large number of victims is not an element of the crime of genocide. The Appeals Chamber also recalls that, with respect to extermination as a crime against humanity, “a particularly large number of victims can be an aggravating circumstance in relation to the sentence for this crime if the extent of the killings exceeds that required for extermination.” The Appeals Chamber further recalls that extermination is the act of killing on a “large scale”, and that “large scale” does not suggest a strict numerical approach with a minimum number of victims. While extermination as a crime against humanity has been found in relation to the killing of thousands of persons, it has also been found in relation to fewer killings, such as the killings of approximately 60 individuals and less. In the present case, the Trial Chamber found that the attacks on Nyange Church resulted “in the death of approximately 2,000 Tutsi men, women and children.” The Appeals Chamber considers that the extent of the killings at Nyange Church on 15 and 16 April 1994 exceeded that required for extermination, and that the number of victims could therefore be taken into consideration as an aggravating circumstance in the determination of the sentence. The Appeals Chamber accordingly rejects Ndahimana’s contention that the Trial Chamber engaged in impermissible double-counting in considering the number of victims of the attacks on NyangeChurch as an aggravating factor.