Murder as a violation of the laws or customs of war

Notion(s) Filing Case
Appeal Judgement - 08.04.2015 TOLIMIR Zdravko
(IT-05-88/2-A)

616. The Appeals Chamber notes that there is no appellate jurisprudence which addresses the specific cumulative convictions for genocide and murder as a violation of the laws or customs of war. However, the ICTR Appeals Chamber has upheld cumulative convictions for war crimes, as a broad category, and genocide based on the materially distinct elements of genocide and war crimes.[1] Relevantly, genocide requires proof of specific intent while war crimes require proof of the existence of a nexus between the alleged crimes and the armed conflict.[2]

See also para. 617.

[1] See Semanza Appeal Judgement, para. 368; Rutaganda Appeal Judgement, para. 583.

[2] Ibidem.

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