Rwanda; existence of Hutus; Tutsis; Twas as protected group; genocide; widespread or systematic attacks

Notion(s) Filing Case
Appeal Judgement - 20.05.2005 SEMANZA Laurent
(ICTR-97-20-A)

192. […] Instead, the Chamber took notice only of general notorious facts not subject to reasonable dispute, including, inter alia: that Rwandan citizens were classified by ethnic group between April and July 1994; that widespread or systematic attacks against a civilian population based on Tutsi ethnic identification occurred during that time; […]

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Notion(s) Filing Case
Decision on Judicial Notice - 16.06.2006 KAREMERA et al.
(ICTR-98-44-AR73(C))

The Appeals Chamber ruled that Trial Chambers must take judicial notice of the following facts:

-          Existence of Hutus, Tutsis and Twas as protected group falling under the Genocide Convention (para. 25);

-          Existence of widespread or systematic attacks against a civilian population based on Tutsi ethnic identification (paras 28-29, referring to Semanza Appeal Judgement, para. 192; see also para. 31);

-          Existence of Genocide against Tutsis in Rwanda between 6 April 1994 and 17 July 194 (paras 35-36).

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