38. Under Sub-rule 101(D)[1] the Appellant is entitled to credit for the time spent in custody in the Federal Republic of Germany only for the period pending his surrender to the International Tribunal.  However, the Appeals Chamber recognises that the criminal proceedings against the Appellant in the Federal Republic of Germany emanated from substantially the same criminal conduct as that for which he now stands convicted at the International Tribunal.  Hence, fairness requires that account be taken of the period the Appellant spent in custody in the Federal Republic of Germany prior to the issuance of the Tribunal’s formal request for deferral.

3404.            The Appeals Chamber notes that nothing precludes a trial chamber from imposing a term of life imprisonment when the gravity of the offence so requires,[1] and that neither Article 7 nor Article 10 of the ICCPR prohibits life imprisonment.[2] The Appeals Chamber considers that Ntahobali’s submissions concerning the enforcement of his sentence are speculative. Furthermore, the Appeals Chamber observes that sentence enforcement issues were not matters for the Trial Chamber and that, as such, there can be no error on behalf of the Trial Chamber in this respect. His arguments concerning pardon, commutation of sentence, and early release are therefore dismissed.

3405.            The Appeals Chamber further dismisses Ntahobali’s contention that the absence in the Residual Mechanism Statute of a mandatory review of his life sentence after a fixed period would violate his fundamental rights. The Appeals Chamber observes that Ntahobali will retain the possibility to directly petition the President of the Residual Mechanism for pardon, commutation of sentence, or early release.[3]

[…]

3517.            The Appeals Chamber also dismisses Ndayambaje’s claim that imposing a single life sentence deprived him of the benefit of any credit based on the period already spent in detention and that the Trial Chamber erred in failing to provide a reasoned opinion in this regard. Rule 101(C) of the Rules states that “[c]redit shall be given to the convicted person for the period, if any, during which the convicted person was detained in custody pending his surrender to the Tribunal or pending trial or appeal”. This provision, however, does not affect the ability of a trial chamber to impose the maximum sentence, as provided for by Rule 101(A) of the Rules.[4]