Notions list

A

• Ability to use statement to rebut Prosecution evidence [1]
• Absence of a Judge [5]
• Absence of active participation in the criminal acts of subordinates [1]
• Absence of conviction under Article 6(1) [1]
• Absence of mitigating circumstances [1]
• Absence of reference to accused in other procedings [1]
• Absence of references [1]
• Abuse of process [4]
• Access to confidential materials from related cases [1]
• Access to ex parte material from another case [4]
• Access to ex parte material in the same case [2]
• Access to material from another case [25]
• Access to the case record [3]
• Accomplice [2]
• Accomplice testimony [11]
• Accused [4]
• Accused / appellant testifying in another case [2]
• Accused represented by Counsel [3]
• Accused's character [1]
• Accused's presence at crime scenes [2]
• Acquittal [1]
• Acquitted persons [5]
• Act of state doctrine [1]
• Acts committed in detention [1]
• Acts of subordinates that do not amount to committing [3]
• Acts or omissions prior to the existence of the common purpose [1]
• Actus reus [43]
• Ad litem Judges [2]
• Additional agreement to commit a specific crime [1]
• Additional evidence [6]
• Additional evidence on appeal [99]
• Additional Protocols [1]
• Additional submissions upon order of the Appeals Chamber [1]
• Adequate penalty structure [3]
• Adequate time and facilities to prepare for one's defence [2]
• Adjournment of proceedings to prepare one's defence [1]
• Adjudicated facts [17]
• Adjustment [7]
• Administration of Justice [3]
• Administrative decisions [20]
• Administrative matters [1]
• Admissibility [8]
• Admissibility of additional evidence [29]
• Admissibility of evidence [10]
• Admissibility of evidence during cross-examination [1]
• Admissibility of evidence from national legislation [1]
• Admissibility of evidence in its entirety [1]
• Admissibility of evidence under Rule 89 [9]
• Admissibility of prior inconsistent statement [1]
• Admissibility of rebuttal evidence [2]
• Admissibility of rejoinder to rebuttal material [2]
• Admissibility of statements made before domestic jurisdictions [1]
• Admissibility of translations of evidence admitted at trial [2]
• Admissibility on appeal [3]
• Admission denied by majority [1]
• Admission of new evidence in a retrial [2]
• Affidavit from the Prosecution [1]
• Aggravating circumstances [36]
• Aggravating v. mitigating circumstances [5]
• Aggravation [2]
• Agreed facts [1]
• Agreed mitigating circumstances [1]
• Agreement [1]
• Aiding and abetting [51]
• Alibi [24]
• Alibi raised for the first time on appeal [1]
• Alleged errors in translation of trial exhibits [1]
• Alleged fair trial violations [1]
• Allegedly contradictory testimony in a later trial [1]
• Alleging incompetence of trial counsel on appeal [2]
• Allocation of resources to the Defence [1]
• Alternative charging [1]
• Alternative convictions [2]
• Amendment [18]
• Amendment of charges after referral [1]
• Amicus Curiae [10]
• Amnesty [1]
• Appeal as of right [12]
• Appeal hearing [14]
• Appeals [9]
• Appeals Chamber [8]
• Appearing as necessary witness [1]
• Appellate proceedings [20]
• Appellate review [9]
• Appellate review of revocation decision [1]
• Applicability in non-international armed conflict [1]
• Applicability of Rule 68 at the appellate stage [1]
• Applicability of Rules 66 and 67 at the appellate stage [4]
• Applicability of rules of admission of additional evidence on appeal to referral and revocation decisions [2]
• Applicability through unilateral declarations [1]
• Applicability to international organisations [1]
• Applicability to NATO as an international organisation [3]
• Applicable law [93]
• Application of domestic criminal provisions [2]
• Application of JCE doctrine to ICTR jurisprudence [1]
• Application of Rule 89(C) instead of Article 25 and Rule 120 [1]
• Application of Rule 89(C) instead of Article 25 and Rule 120 [0]
• Application of the JCE doctrine to large-scale cases [1]
• Appointment of a referral bench [1]
• Arbitrary detention prior to initial appearance [2]
• Armed conflict [2]
• Arrest and provisional detention [5]
• As of right [3]
• Assessing the means of the accused [1]
• Assessment [3]
• Assessment of evidence [6]
• Assessment of evidence in its entirety [9]
• Assessment of evidence in relation to each accused [1]
• Assessment of testimony [21]
• Assigned counsel [0]
• Assignment of counsel [13]
• Assistance of counsel [4]
• Attacks on civilian objects [2]
• Attacks on civilians [4]
• Authenticity [2]
• Authority of judgement delivered orally (incl. prior to written reasoned opinion) [1]
• Authority to enter convictions under alternate modes of liability [1]
• Authorized length of time and number of witnesses [2]
• Availability of the proffered evidence at trial [23]
• Availability of witnesses [1]
• Avoidance of a lengthy trial [1]

B

• Basic elements [2]
• Behaviour not leading to a conviction [1]
• Beyond reasonable doubt [2]
• Binding force of appeal judgements on trial judgements [1]
• Binding force of Appeals Chamber decisions on each other [5]
• Binding force of legal determinations by other Tribunals [7]
• Binding force of multilateral treaties on the Tribunal [1]
• Binding force of trial judgements on each other [2]
• Binding order [5]
• Breakdown of confidence [1]
• Brevity of decisions [1]
• Briefs and/or Motions [71]
• Briefs on appeal: appendixes [2]
• Burden of proof [40]
• Burden of proof showing which outcome would best serve the interests of justice [1]
• Burden of the accused [2]

C

• Capacity to act [2]
• Certification [5]
• Certification following remand [1]
• Certification for interlocutory appeal [6]
• Chamber duty to decide motions [1]
• Chambers coordination [1]
• Change in the composition of the Trial Chamber [1]
• Changed circumstances [5]
• Character evidence [1]
• Characterisation of the armed conflict [2]
• Charging an additional incident [1]
• Circumstantial evidence [10]
• Civilian population [5]
• Civilian zones [1]
• Client’s consent for conflicting representation [2]
• Co-perpetratorship [2]
• Collusion [3]
• Command responsibility in Rwandan law [1]
• Commission [10]
• Commission through participation in JCE [1]
• Committing [11]
• Common knowledge [3]
• Common purpose [5]
• Communication after transfer [1]
• Communication of amicus curiae reports [1]
• Communication with Counsel [4]
• Commutation of sentence [1]
• Comparison with other cases [20]
• Compelling humanitarian reasons [7]
• Competence of remaining Judges [2]
• Competence vis-à-vis Trial Chambers [1]
• Competency to testify [1]
• Competent body [2]
• Complaint procedure [4]
• Completion strategy [2]
• Complexity of the case [5]
• Compliance with formal requirements [5]
• Complicity to commit genocide [1]
• Components [1]
• Composition of a Referral Bench [1]
• Concept of jurisdiction in international law [1]
• Concurrent convictions [4]
• Concurrent evidence [2]
• Concurrent or consecutive sentences [2]
• Concurrent sentences [2]
• Conditions of detention [10]
• Conditions of life calculated to bring about physical destruction [1]
• Conduct of the Prosecution and the relevant authorities [2]
• Confessions [1]
• Confidential filings [3]
• Confidential material [30]
• Confirmed indictment [2]
• Conflict of interest [7]
• Consent [2]
• Consent of a protected witness [2]
• Consequences for victims [1]
• Considerations of fairness and prejudice to the Appellant [1]
• Consolidated decision on several motions [1]
• Consolidated filings [2]
• Conspiracy [1]
• Conspiracy between institutions [1]
• Conspiracy to commit genocide [10]
• Constitutive elements [2]
• Contempt [46]
• Contempt proceedings in absentia [1]
• Content of decisions [1]
• Continuation of trial [2]
• Continuing crimes [1]
• Continuing obligation to afford inspection [1]
• Continuous obligation [2]
• Contribution [9]
• Contribution to historical record [1]
• Convicted persons [9]
• Convicted persons awaiting transfer to an enforcement State [1]
• Conviction [9]
• Conviction for ordering and aiding and abetting based on same set of facts [1]
• Convictions on the basis of both direct and superior responsibility [1]
• Convictions on the basis of more than one mode of liability [2]
• Cooperation of States [5]
• Cooperation with the Prosecution [11]
• Cooperation with the Tribunal [1]
• Corrigendum [2]
• Corroboration [21]
• Counsel [67]
• Counsel as witness [1]
• Counsel's negligence or inadvertence [7]
• Credibility [26]
• Credit for time spent in detention [3]
• Crime of terror [6]
• Crimes against humanity [60]
• Crimes committed by adversaries [1]
• Crimes committed by participants in a JCE of vast scope [1]
• Criminal history [1]
• Criminal liability [1]
• Criteria [9]
• Criteria to be satisfied [1]
• Cross-examination [9]
• Cross-reference to a ground of appeal advanced by a co-appellant [1]
• Cruel treatment [3]
• Cumulative charging [4]
• Cumulative convictions [27]
• Cumulative criteria and the extent of the analysis [3]
• Cumulative effect of defects [1]
• Curing the defects [7]
• Curing vagueness [6]
• Custodial sentence for contempt [4]
• Custodial visit to an embassy [1]
• Customary international law [11]
• Customary law [3]
• Customary rules of international humanitarian law governing non-international armed conflicts [4]

D

• Date of formation [1]
• Dates [3]
• De facto authority [2]
• De jure authority [6]
• De novo sentence on appeal [2]
• Deadline for filing an appeal brief [1]
• Death of a party [7]
• Death of an appellant [5]
• Decision issued after close of proceedings [3]
• Decision issued without awaiting end of briefing [1]
• Decisions by majority [2]
• Declaration under Rule 112(B) [1]
• Defects [17]
• Defence [0]
• Defence members [1]
• Defence resources [1]
• Defences [7]
• Definition [36]
• Delayed disclosure [4]
• Delegation of authority to non-judicial bodies [1]
• Delegation of authority to non-judicial entities [0]
• Deliberations [3]
• Demeanour [5]
• Denial of motion for acquittal [1]
• Deportation [8]
• Depositions [1]
• Desecration of corps [1]
• Destruction of or wilful damage to cultural property [1]
• Destruction of property [3]
• Destruction or wilful damage done to institutions dedicated to religion [1]
• Destruction or willful damage done to institutions dedicated to education [1]
• Destruction or willful damage of cultural property [1]
• Deterioration of health [1]
• Determination of potential grounds of appeal [1]
• Determination of sentence by the Appeals Chamber [1]
• Devastation not justified by military necessity [2]
• Differences between Rule 115 and Rule 119 proceedings [2]
• Diminished mental responsibility [1]
• Direct and public incitement to commit genocide [16]
• Direct incitement [2]
• Direct participation in hostilities [2]
• Disclosure [60]
• Disclosure under MICT Rule 71 [1]
• Disclosure under Rule 70 [4]
• Discretion [8]
• Discretion in managing trials [4]
• Discretion to impose sentence [12]
• Discretionary decisions [30]
• Discriminatory intent [1]
• Dismissal as a matter of law [1]
• Displacement across a de jure or de facto border [1]
• Disproportionate attacks [1]
• Disqualification [11]
• Distinction between counts or charges and material facts [1]
• Distinction between jus ad bellum and jus in bello [1]
• Distinction between ordinary crimes and serious violations of international humanitarian law [1]
• Distinction with prosecutorial discretion [1]
• Documentary evidence [1]
• Domestic crimes [1]
• Domestic jurisdiction [4]
• Double counting [3]
• Double jeopardy [4]
• Due diligence [17]
• Due process [1]
• Duress [2]
• During the course of a trial (Incl. pending / after a Rule 98bis Decision) [7]
• Duty Judge [2]
• Duty of loyalty [3]
• Duty of loyalty to a former client [3]
• Duty to ensure the welfare of released persons [0]
• Duty to ensure the welfare of the acquitted person [2]
• Duty to familiarize oneself with the case [1]
• Duty to identify mitigating circumstances at trial [1]
• Duty to punish / Investigate [5]
• Duty to suppress [1]

E

• Early release [4]
• Effective control at the time of the commission of the crimes [1]
• Effective control v. substantial influence [1]
• Electronic disclosure [4]
• Electronic disclosure: ICTY EDS (Electronic Disclosure System) [2]
• Element of the offence [2]
• Elements [7]
• Elements of the crimes [4]
• Encouragement [1]
• Enforcement [5]
• Enslavement [1]
• Equal gravity or severity requirement [2]
• Equality of arms [18]
• Errors of fact [13]
• Errors of law [9]
• Estoppel [1]
• Ethical obligations [1]
• Ethnicity [2]
• Evidence [153]
• Evidence adduced in another case [4]
• Evidence admitted during first trial [1]
• Evidence favourable to the Defence [1]
• Evidence introduced for the first time on appeal [1]
• Evidence of a witness who commits suicide [1]
• Evidence of an accused [17]
• Evidence rebutting judicially noted facts [3]
• Evidence received after closing arguments [2]
• Evidence relating to the acts and conduct of the accused [2]
• Evidence untested through cross-examination [2]
• Ex parte material [9]
• Ex parte submissions by the Prosecution [1]
• Examination of witnesses [5]
• Exceptional circumstances [3]
• Exclusion of evidence [4]
• Exclusion of those nationals of co-belligerent States with normal diplomatic representation [2]
• Exculpatory evidence [5]
• Exculpatory material [6]
• Exhaustion of all other means [1]
• Exhaustion of all other sources to obtain the requested materials [1]
• Existence of a legal duty [1]
• Existence of a plan or policy [2]
• Existence of a plan or policy for genocide [2]
• Expedited adjudication [1]
• Expert evidence [18]
• Exposure to materials not in evidence [1]
• Expression of regret [1]
• Expression of remorse [1]
• Extension [2]
• Extension of provisional release [1]
• Extension to appellate proceedings of Rules applicable to trial proceedings [1]
• Extermination [26]

F

• Facilitation of transfer [2]
• Factors for consideration [3]
• Facts from a different judgement [3]
• Facts from another proceeding [1]
• Facts going to the criminal responsibility of an accused [4]
• Facts of common knowledge [5]
• Facts pleaded under a different count [2]
• Facts subject to appeal or review [1]
• Facts underlying a conviction [1]
• Failure [12]
• Failure to act [2]
• Failure to appeal a trial decision refusing the admission [1]
• Failure to individualise the sentence [1]
• Failure to prevent and failure to punish [4]
• Failure to prevent or punish [2]
• Fair trial [18]
• Fair trial rights [2]
• Fairness and reasonableness [2]
• False testimony [8]
• Family situation [2]
• Filing of a referral appeal brief [2]
• Filing of a reply [2]
• Filing of a response to an interlocutory appeal [1]
• Filing of an appeal from a decision on a request for revocation of referral [1]
• Finality of the trial judgement [2]
• Financial assistance pending relocation [1]
• Financial compensation [2]
• Fitness to stand trial [7]
• Flexibility of time-limits [1]
• Forcible displacement [11]
• Forcible transfer [13]
• Foreseeability and accessibility [3]
• Formal recognition of violation as remedy [2]
• Formal requirements [9]
• Free translation services [1]
• Fresh evidence [1]
• Frivolous filings [4]
• Fully exercised influence [1]
• Functional immunity of defence members [1]
• Functional immunity of state officials [3]
• Functions and powers [2]
• Fundamental principle of protection [1]

G

• General criteria [6]
• General issues [14]
• General principles [11]
• General v. specific obligations [2]
• Geneva Conventions [3]
• Genocidal intent [4]
• Genocidal plan [2]
• Genocide [50]
• Geographic scope [2]
• Geographical area of crimes [2]
• Good cause for extension [15]
• Good cause requirement [11]
• Good character [5]
• Grave breaches of the Geneva Conventions [1]
• Gravity [0]
• Gravity of crimes [1]
• Gravity of the crimes [3]
• Gravity of the crimes charged [2]
• Gravity of the offence [23]
• Grounds for denying mitigation [2]
• Gruesome nature of the crime [1]
• Guarantees of compliance with conditions of provisional release [8]
• Guilt of an accused [1]
• Guilt of an accused cannot be based on judicially noticed facts [1]
• Guilty plea [11]

H

• Habeas corpus [2]
• Had reason to know standard [8]
• Handling of confidential information [1]
• Harassment and other psychological abuse [1]
• Hardship to client [3]
• Hate speech [3]
• Hearing the State to which the Accused seeks to be released [1]
• Hearing under Rule 115 [5]
• Hearsay [12]
• Hierarchy of crimes [1]
• Hierarchy of evidence (live and documentary evidence) [1]
• Hierarchy of norms [1]
• High level of authority [2]
• Hostage-taking [3]
• Humanitarian reasons [2]

I

• ICTR EDS (Electronic Disclosure system) [3]
• ICTY Judicial Database [2]
• Identification and recognition witnesses [1]
• Identification evidence [14]
• Identification of direct perpetrators [1]
• Identification of subordinates [2]
• Identity of participants [2]
• Illegal orders [1]
• Immunities [3]
• Impact of adjudicated facts [1]
• Impact of the OSCE Report on the law on the transfer of cases from the ICTY to BiH [1]
• Impact of trauma [1]
• Impact on sentencing [1]
• Impartiality [17]
• Impeachment of a witness [2]
• Imposed assignment [3]
• Imposition of a minimum sentence [2]
• Imposition of counsel [2]
• Imposition of sentence after re-trial [1]
• Imposition of time limits [5]
• Imprisonment [3]
• In dubio pro reo principle [2]
• In-court identifications [4]
• Inattentive Judge [1]
• Incentive to testify in favour of the accused [1]
• Inchoate or continuing crime [3]
• Incomplete or missing translations of trial exhibits [1]
• Inconsistencies [9]
• Independence [3]
• Independence of the Prosecution [1]
• Independent and impartial tribunal established by law [1]
• Independent proceedings [3]
• Indicators of effective control [11]
• Indictment [109]
• Indiscriminate attacks [2]
• Individual criminal responsibility [6]
• Individual deterrence [1]
• Individual paradigmatic acts to support a conviction [1]
• Individualised findings [1]
• Individuals acting in their private capacity [1]
• Inference from events on the ground [1]
• Inference of discriminatory intent [3]
• Inference of intent [3]
• Inference of knowledge [3]
• Information on which the administrative decision is based [1]
• Informed guilty plea [1]
• Informed withdrawal [1]
• Inherent jurisdiction [1]
• Initiation of proceedings [1]
• Innocence [1]
• Instigating [12]
• Instructions from the accused [2]
• Insufficient findings [1]
• Intent [2]
• Interaction between Rules 89 (C) and 93 [1]
• Interaction between Rules 89(C) and 70(F) [1]
• Interaction between Rules 89(D) and 70(G) [1]
• Interests of justice [7]
• Interference with witnesses [3]
• Interlocutory appeals [24]
• Internal armed forces acting on behalf of a foreign power [3]
• International armed conflict [6]
• Interpretation [13]
• Interpretation in light of international law [2]
• Investigations at the appellate stage [7]
• Investigations under Rule 115 [5]
• Involvement of several persons [1]
• Irreparable harm to victims [1]
• Issuance of national identity cards [1]
• Issue of general importance [4]
• Issues not raised by the parties [1]

J

• JCE 3 [13]
• JCE2/concentration camps category [1]
• Joinder of cases [27]
• Joint criminal enterprise [95]
• Joint defence [1]
• Judgement [7]
• Judgement of Acquittal [5]
• Judges [52]
• Judicial economy [3]
• Judicial notice [46]
• Judicially noticed facts [1]
• Jurisdiction [50]
• Jurisdictional challenge [10]
• Jurisdictional conditions [4]
• Jus de non evocando [1]

K

• Killing of certain named or described persons [1]
• Knowledge of crimes [2]
• Knowledge of genocidal intent [1]
• Knowledge of subordinates' conduct [1]
• Knowledge of the international character of the armed conflict [1]
• Knowledge of the subordinates' identities [1]
• Knowledge of the subordinates' intent [1]

L

• Lack of notice [3]
• Lack of translation [2]
• Large number of victims [2]
• Late filing [1]
• Laws governing extradition [1]
• Lawyer-client privilege [4]
• Legal aid [9]
• Legal basis for JCE [2]
• Legal Consultant [1]
• Legal framework [1]
• Legal officers [6]
• Legal reasoning in a confidential decision [1]
• Legal requirement of an attack [1]
• Legal standard [2]
• Legal status [1]
• Legitimate attacks [1]
• Length of pre-trial detention [1]
• Length of provisional release [3]
• Length of Trial Judgement [6]
• Lex mitior [4]
• Liability for acts committed by non members of the JCE [1]
• Liability for omissions [2]
• Liability under Articles 7(1) and 7(3) [1]
• Life imprisonment [9]
• Life sentence [5]
• Limitations (UNSC Resolution) [1]
• Limited and selective assistance [1]
• Limits to that right [6]
• Link between accused and perpetrators: remoteness [1]

M

• Maintain ex parte status [1]
• Majority [1]
• Manifest failure to adjudicate essential elements of JCE liability [1]
• Manifest failure to provide a reasoned opinion [2]
• Manifestly inadequate sentence [1]
• Manipulation of indictment [1]
• Margin of discretion [1]
• Massiveness requirement [7]
• Material facts [13]
• Material jurisdiction [1]
• Material other than testimonies [1]
• Material supporting allegations of bias [1]
• Meaning of "final judgement" [1]
• Meaning of "opposite party" [1]
• Measures to assure fairness of trial [1]
• Media reports [1]
• Medical grounds [2]
• Medical profession [1]
• Medical treatment outside The Netherlands [4]
• Meeting with an appellant [1]
• Members of associations of survivors [1]
• Membership in a criminal enterprise [2]
• Mens rea [72]
• MICT appellate review [1]
• MICT continuity [5]
• Minimising hardship to witnesses [1]
• Minor inconsistencies [5]
• Miscarriage of justice [5]
• Misconduct [4]
• Misconduct (incl. absences and lateness) [2]
• Mitigating circumstances [52]
• Mitigation of sentence [1]
• Mixed errors (law and fact) [1]
• Modes of liability [12]
• Modification of orders [1]
• Modification of protective measures [3]
• Modified provisional release [1]
• Monitoring and revocation [11]
• Most senior leaders [2]
• Motion for mistrial at appellate stage [1]
• Motions [0]
• Motions for clarification [1]
• Motions for mistrial [3]
• Motions to vacate [3]
• Motive [4]
• Multiple accused [2]
• Multiple appeals against an impugned decision [1]
• Multiple defendants [29]
• Multiplicity of victims [1]
• Murder [11]
• Murder as a violation of the laws or customs of war [1]
• Murder as crime against humanity [2]

N

• National rules of evidence [2]
• National security concerns [1]
• Nationality of victims [1]
• Natural and foreseeable consequences [9]
• Nature of a decision accepting withdrawal [1]
• Nature of Rule 84bis [1]
• Nature of the legal duty [1]
• Necessary and reasonable measures [3]
• Necessity requirement [1]
• Need [0]
• Need for a specific warning [2]
• New arguments [1]
• New charges [1]
• New conviction at appellate stage [7]
• New facts [22]
• Nexus with the accused [1]
• Nexus with the armed conflict [11]
• Nexus with the attack [3]
• No appeal [1]
• No authority requirement [1]
• No binding force of trial judgements on Appeals Chamber [1]
• No binding force of trial judgements on each other [4]
• No certification needed following remand [2]
• No cumulative responsibility under Articles 7(1) and 7(3) / Articles 6(1) and 6(3) [3]
• No discretion of the Trial Chamber [1]
• No distinction based on who calls the witness [1]
• No need to order or authorize a crime [1]
• No presumption of innocence on appeal [1]
• No requirement to share the subordinates' intent [1]
• No right to a public judgement [1]
• Non bis in idem [3]
• Non-compliance with delay for filing and extraordinary circumstances [1]
• Non-compliance with obligations [5]
• Non-international armed conflict [9]
• Non-international character of the conflict in Rwanda [2]
• Non-prosecution agreement [1]
• Notice of alibi [2]
• Notice of appeal [34]
• Notification of protective measures [1]
• Nulla poena sine lege [1]
• Nullum crimen sine lege [9]
• Number of subordinates involved in crimes [1]

O

• Objective adequacy [1]
• Obligation of the Appeals Chamber [1]
• Obligation to make findings on superior responsibility [1]
• Obligation to plead at trial [3]
• Obligations of the Registry [1]
• Obstructing justice [1]
• Obtaining witness statements [1]
• Omission [17]
• Omitting material facts [2]
• Only one genocide in Rwanda between 6 April and 17 July 1994 [2]
• Oral hearing [2]
• Oral hearing of pre-appeal matters [1]
• Order for cooperation to national authorities [1]
• Order from a superior [1]
• Order of a Chamber [19]
• Ordering [18]
• Ordering a campaign [1]
• Orders directed to corporations for the production of documents [0]
• Orders to States for producing documents or information [13]
• Other inhumane acts [3]
• Other party's witness [1]
• Other party's witness who declined interview [2]
• Outrages upon personal dignity [2]
• Overall challenge [1]
• Overlap between cases [2]
• Overlap with other dead-lines [2]
• Own case [1]
• Ownership or origination of information [1]

P

• Pardon [1]
• Participants in a joint criminal enterprise [1]
• Participation by video-conference [4]
• Pattern evidence [1]
• Pending ancillary matters after delivery of the trial judgement [1]
• Permission to vary grounds of appeal in the absence of good cause [4]
• Persecution [31]
• Persistent pattern of conduct [1]
• Personal interest [2]
• Personal intervention of an accused alongside the counsel [2]
• Personal jurisdiction [6]
• Persons bound by protective measures orders [3]
• Persons hors de combat [2]
• Phrases with legal meaning [3]
• Physical and mental health of detainees [2]
• Physical perpetration [1]
• Physical presence [11]
• Planning [12]
• Planning a campaign [2]
• Plea agreement [12]
• Pleading [19]
• Pleading aggravating circumstances [1]
• Plunder of public or private property [2]
• Political questions as non-justiciable disputes [1]
• Position of authority [15]
• Position of authority vs. Superior responsibility [1]
• Position of trust [1]
• Possibility of making a statement at later stages of the trial [1]
• Possibility of making a statement in writing [1]
• Post-conflict conduct [3]
• Post-hearing submissions [3]
• Post-trial health deterioration [1]
• Postponement of an appeal hearing [2]
• Postponing consideration of objections to admission of evidence [1]
• Potential prejudice [1]
• Potential witnesses [4]
• Power of courts to issue orders to other State organs [1]
• Power to remit issues to a Trial Chamber [1]
• Powers of Pre-Review Judge [2]
• Powers of the Appeals Chamber [2]
• Powers of the Referral Bench [1]
• Practical interest in the case [2]
• Practices in different cases [1]
• Pre-conditions for entry of a guilty plea [4]
• Pre-existing agreement [1]
• Pre-existing plan or policy [4]
• Pre-trial stage [1]
• Prejudice [22]
• Premeditation [1]
• Prerequisites for provisional release [1]
• Prerogative of the Prosecution [1]
• Presentation of fresh evidence [2]
• Presentation of witness evidence [1]
• President [7]
• President's Decision [1]
• Presiding Judge’s signature on behalf of the Bench [1]
• Presumption of effective control [2]
• Presumption of independence [1]
• Presumption of innocence [6]
• Presumptive right [1]
• Previously rejected humanitarian reasons [1]
• Primacy of the Tribunal over domestic courts [1]
• Principal perpetrators [2]
• Principle [1]
• Principle of distinction in the law of armed conflicts [1]
• Principle of equality of arms [2]
• Principle of finality [3]
• Principle of proportionality [1]
• Prior consistent statements [2]
• Prior personal knowledge [1]
• Prior statement [1]
• Priority to the commitments to the Tribunal [1]
• Prisoners of war [1]
• Privileged communication [2]
• Probative value [4]
• Procedure [4]
• Procedure for disclosures under Rule 68 [2]
• Procedure for Rule 68 breach [1]
• Prohibition of hostage-taking [4]
• Prolonged and systematic involvement [1]
• Pronouncement of Judgement [3]
• Proof beyond reasonable doubt [5]
• Proof by inference [12]
• Proof of existence of the requested materials [1]
• Proper use of the Tribunal’s resources [1]
• Proportionality principle [3]
• Proprio motu [1]
• Proprio motu order for production of evidence under Rule 98 [1]
• Prosecution [1]
• Prosecution obligations [3]
• Prosecution v. Defence witnesses [1]
• Prosecution’s appeal against acquittal [5]
• Prosecutor [3]
• Prosecutorial discretion [1]
• Protected persons [3]
• Protected status after termination of trial [1]
• Protective measures [20]
• Providing evidence [6]
• Provisional release [81]
• Psychological examination [3]
• Public incitement [4]
• Public official [1]
• Public redacted version [2]
• Purpose of closing brief [1]
• Putting the nature of the case to the witness [2]

Q

• Qualifications [2]
• Quality and quantity of the information [1]
• Questions from the bench [2]

R

• Raised by the Prosecution [1]
• Raised for the first time on appeal [3]
• Rank of the accused [1]
• Rape [4]
• Rape as crime against humanity [1]
• Ratio Decidendi of the Appeals Chamber [2]
• Re-certification of the record [2]
• Re-examination [1]
• Reasonable steps requirement [1]
• Reasonableness of a sentence [3]
• Reasoned decision [5]
• Reasoned opinion [43]
• Reciprocity [3]
• Recognized mode of liability [2]
• Recommended sentence [2]
• Reconsideration [33]
• Reconsideration of a decision accepting withdrawal of an appeal [1]
• Reconsideration of a Pre-Appeal Judge's decision [1]
• Reconsideration of a Trial Chamber's decision at the appellate stage [1]
• Reconsideration of appeal judgements [6]
• Reconsideration of decision for review [1]
• Reconsideration of decisions after closing arguments [2]
• Reconsideration of interlocutory decisions [7]
• Reconsideration of pre-appeal decisions [2]
• Reconsideration of referral of joined case [1]
• Reconsideration proprio motu [1]
• Recusal [1]
• Reduction of life sentence [1]
• References to trial arguments [1]
• Referral [57]
• Reformulation [1]
• Refreshing witness memory [1]
• Refusal of guidelines on applicable procedure [1]
• Registrar [2]
• Registrar's responsibility for release [1]
• Rehabilitation [1]
• Release during judicial recess [1]
• Release on the expiration of the sentence [1]
• Relevance [3]
• Relevance of the presumption of innocence [1]
• Relevance of the proffered evidence [3]
• Relevancy and necessity requirements [1]
• Relevant material for assessment [1]
• Reliability [5]
• Reliability and credibility of witnesses [1]
• Reliance on the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights [1]
• Remand [11]
• Remedy [10]
• Remorse / Regret [4]
• Remuneration [4]
• Reopening a party's case [4]
• Reopening of a withdrawn appeal [1]
• Reopening trial proceedings [1]
• Replacement of a Judge [1]
• Replacing a conviction under Article 7(1) [1]
• Representation by co-counsel [2]
• Reprisal [1]
• Request for a more severe sentence on appeal than that requested at trial [1]
• Request for a stay [4]
• Request for inspection [3]
• Request from a party to proceedings before another jurisdiction [1]
• Requirement of Pain and Suffering [1]
• Requirement of recognition of an armed conflict [1]
• Requirements for inference of genocidal intent [1]
• Res judicata [3]
• Response and/or reply [11]
• Responsibility for crimes committed by non-members of the JCE [5]
• Responsibility of civilian superiors [3]
• Responsible command as basis for superior responsibility [1]
• Restriction of scope of testimony under Rule 70 [2]
• Restrictions [11]
• Result requirement [1]
• Retention of evidence on the record [1]
• Retrial [12]
• Retrial following an acquittal [1]
• Retribution and deterrence [3]
• Retrospective and prospective application [2]
• Review [61]
• Review of a decision linked to an impugned decision [1]
• Review of a decision on appeal pursuant to Rule 11bis [2]
• Review of alibi evidence on appeal [1]
• Review of an administrative decision [4]
• Review of an administrative decision (Registrar's and/or President's) [8]
• Review of an interlocutory decision [1]
• Review of potentially privileged material [1]
• Review of Single Judge decision after close of proceedings [1]
• Review proceedings [22]
• Revocation [1]
• Right of an accused [1]
• Right of an accused to appear as a witness [2]
• Right of an accused to request transfer [1]
• Right of an appellant to personally address the Appeals Chamber [2]
• Right of audience [1]
• Right of cross-examination [1]
• Right of equality before the Tribunal [1]
• Right of Prosecution to be heard [1]
• Right of reply [1]
• Right to a fair trial [24]
• Right to a reasoned opinion [19]
• Right to an adversarial trial [1]
• Right to an initial appearance without undue delay [6]
• Right to appeal [10]
• Right to appeal Rule 75(G) decisions [1]
• Right to be heard [9]
• Right to be properly informed of reasons for arrest [5]
• Right to be tried before an independent tribunal [3]
• Right to be tried in his or her own presence [16]
• Right to be tried without undue delay [20]
• Right to challenge expert's conclusions [1]
• Right to challenge the lawfulness of detention [2]
• Right to competent counsel [5]
• Right to counsel of one's choosing [11]
• Right to cross-examination and fair trial [2]
• Right to cross-examine witnesses [6]
• Right to duty counsel [1]
• Right to file a sur-reply [2]
• Right to file a written reply to oral submissions on appeal [1]
• Right to freedom of expression [1]
• Right to have adequate time and facilities for the preparation of a defence [8]
• Right to legal assistance [2]
• Right to personally participate in appeal proceedings [1]
• Right to respect for dignity as human beings [1]
• Right to respond to allegations of negligence [1]
• Right to respond to an interlocutory appeal of a co-accused [2]
• Right to security [1]
• Right to self-representation [32]
• Right to supplement a brief on appeal [3]
• Right to use own language [3]
• Rights of suspects [19]
• Ripeness doctrine [1]
• Risk to the administration of justice [3]
• Role of counsel [5]
• Role of investigator [1]
• Rule 108bis [3]
• Rule 115 Motion [2]
• Rule 15bis [4]
• Rule 70 material [2]
• Rule 92 bis written statements/transcripts [1]
• Rule 98bis decisions [3]
• Rule against duplicity [1]
• Rule-making powers [3]
• Rwanda; existence of Hutus; Tutsis; Twas as protected group; genocide; widespread or systematic attacks [2]

S

• Sadism [1]
• Sadistic behavior [1]
• Safeguard of equivalent value [1]
• Same transaction [2]
• Sanctions [12]
• Scope [34]
• Scope of appellate review [1]
• Scope of disclosure obligation [15]
• Scope of interlocutory appeal [2]
• Scope of oral submissions on appeal [2]
• Scope of protected confidential information [4]
• Scope of protection under common Article 3 of the Geneva Conventions [8]
• Scope of the common objective (original and expanded crimes) [1]
• Second review [2]
• Securing attendance of defence witnesses [1]
• Security concern of a deceased witness’s family [1]
• Security Council [3]
• Seeking authorization for obtaining written statements of a potential witness [1]
• Self-defence [1]
• Self-incrimination [4]
• Self-representation [8]
• Self-represented accused [2]
• Sentencing [137]
• Sentencing errors and validity of conviction [1]
• Sentencing practices in domestic courts [9]
• Separate indictments [1]
• Sequence of presentation [2]
• Serious bodily or mental harm [2]
• Serious prejudice [1]
• Severance of cases [4]
• Sexual assault [2]
• Simultaneous (dual) representation [3]
• Single sentence [1]
• Single witness [4]
• Site visits [6]
• Sources of law [1]
• Sovereign State acting in self-defence [1]
• Special circumstances [7]
• Specialised knowledge [3]
• Specific direction [4]
• Specific intent [2]
• Specific intent crimes [3]
• Specificity [4]
• Specificity requirement [4]
• Standard of appellate review [69]
• Standard of proof [22]
• Standard of review [49]
• Standby counsel [4]
• Standing [5]
• Standing to seek revocation [1]
• Stare decisis [10]
• State and international organizations' requests for review [2]
• State obligations [2]
• State officials [3]
• State policy [1]
• State requests for review [3]
• State responsibility [1]
• State sovereignty [1]
• State succession [1]
• Statement of a suspect / accused [3]
• Statement of a witness who later becomes suspect / accused [1]
• Statement of an accused (ICTY Rule 84bis) [4]
• Statement under ICTR Rule 92bis [3]
• Statements under Rule 92 bis ICTY [4]
• Statements under Rule 92 quater ICTY [3]
• States [4]
• Status conference [3]
• Strong grounds [1]
• Subjective Elements [1]
• Subordinate role [1]
• Subordinate's criminal responsibility [1]
• Subpoena [14]
• Substantial contribution [6]
• Substantial effect [3]
• Substantial part of targeted group [2]
• Substitute Judge [7]
• Successor liability [1]
• Sufficient grounds [2]
• Summary dismissals [6]
• Summary of expected testimony [6]
• Summary of the requirements for a conviction under the JCE doctrine [3]
• Summoning a witness under Rule 115 [4]
• Superior responsibility [86]
• Superior-subordinate relationship [11]
• Supervisory powers [1]
• Supporting materials [2]
• Suspension of sentence [4]

T

• Tacit approval and encouragement [4]
• Targeted / protected group [2]
• Targeted attack on the leadership of the protected group [1]
• Technical means of exchanging information [1]
• Temporal jurisdiction [5]
• Temporal scope [1]
• Termination of proceedings [4]
• Test [6]
• Testimony by the defendant [1]
• Testimony by video-link [1]
• Testimony given through an interpreter [2]
• Testimony of an accused [7]
• Testimony on facts [2]
• Testing the admitted evidence [1]
• Three categories of JCE [2]
• Threshold to qualify for other inhumane acts [1]
• Time allocated to Defence case [8]
• Time allocated to parties' cases [1]
• Time allocated to Prosecution case [1]
• Time for oral submissions on appeal [1]
• Time limits [38]
• Timeliness of a request for investigation on appeal [1]
• Timeliness of a Rule 115 Motion [5]
• Timing [7]
• Timing for objections [2]
• Timing of the Appeals Chamber's decision [1]
• Torture [7]
• Transfer for purposes of meeting with a counsel [1]
• Translation of Trial Judgement [2]
• Translation resources [2]
• Transposing domestic approaches to the international level [3]
• Treaty law [4]
• Trench-digging by civilian detainees [1]
• Trial Chamber's discretion [12]
• Trial date [5]
• Trial in absentia [1]
• Trial Judgement [5]
• Trial management issues [50]
• Tribunal's jurisdiction to determine its own jurisdiction [1]
• Tu quoque [3]
• Two reasonable triers of fact can come to equally reasonable conclusions [2]

U

• Unconscious transference phenomenon [1]
• Undue delay [1]
• Unequivocal guilty plea [1]
• Unidentified victims [1]
• Unity of identity between client and counsel [1]
• Unlawful attacks against civilians [1]
• Unlawful attacks on civilian objects [1]
• Unlawful confinement of civilians [3]
• Unprecedented Legal Procedures / Measures [1]
• Use of force [1]
• Use of force by a State in self-defence [1]
• Use of support material [1]

V

• Vagueness [20]
• Validity [1]
• Variation of grounds of appeal [21]
• Variation of witness list [1]
• Verbal abuse [1]
• Victim identification [2]
• Victims of genocidal acts vs. victims of genocide [1]
• Victims' interests [1]
• Violation of right to a fair trial [4]
• Violation of right to counsel of one's choosing [1]
• Violation of the fundamental rights of the accused [1]
• Violations of fair trial rights [0]
• Violence to life [2]
• Voir dire [1]
• Voluntary guilty plea [1]
• Voluntary intoxication [1]
• Voluntary surrender [4]
• Voluntary surrender while incarcerated [1]
• Vulnerability of the victims [1]

W

• Waiver [8]
• Waiver of right [3]
• Waiver of the right to attend trial [2]
• Waiver to raise arguments on appeal [4]
• Wanton destruction not justified by military necessity [2]
• War crimes [39]
• Whether all victims of crimes under Article 5 must be civilians [6]
• Widespread or systematic attack [6]
• Will-say statement [1]
• Withdrawal of an appeal [3]
• Withdrawal of counsel [6]
• Witness credibility [0]
• Witness intimidation [2]
• Witness statement [1]
• Witnesses [108]
• Word limit [6]
• Would test [7]

Z

• Zeal [2]